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            <h1 style="display: none">Vue中整个初始化过程在做什么（解析、编译、渲染模板）</h1>
            
            
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                <h2 id="什么是Vue的初始化？"><a href="#什么是Vue的初始化？" class="headerlink" title="什么是Vue的初始化？"></a><strong>什么是Vue的初始化？</strong></h2><p>初始化可以算是从Vue实例化到页面初次渲染后的过程，大致可以分为<strong>解析-&gt;编译-&gt;渲染模板</strong>这三个过程。</p>
<h3 id="解析阶段"><a href="#解析阶段" class="headerlink" title="解析阶段"></a><strong>解析阶段</strong></h3><p>Vue解析器开始去<strong>解析模板字符串</strong>，比如插值语法、指令等内容。接着，将解析后的内容<strong>生成抽象语法树</strong>（abstract syntax tree-AST），这是一个方便分析和处理数据的数据结构，它描述了各个元素节点的属性以及它们之间的关系。同时，在生成AST的同时，会进行<strong>静态标记</strong>，即标记哪些节点是静态的，这样在后续的渲染过程中会跳过这些节点，来提高渲染性能。</p>
<h3 id="编译阶段"><a href="#编译阶段" class="headerlink" title="编译阶段"></a>编译阶段</h3><p>在生成好了AST之后，Vue会<strong>遍历AST</strong>各个节点，来<strong>转换成渲染函数</strong>（render），它包含了最终的渲染逻辑，比如指令的代码指令（比如v-if转换成三元表达式）。</p>
<h3 id="渲染模板阶段"><a href="#渲染模板阶段" class="headerlink" title="渲染模板阶段"></a>渲染模板阶段</h3><p>渲染函数准备好了，此阶段就去<strong>执行这个渲染函数</strong>，此时它将数据映射到DOM元素上，实现了视图的渲染，初始<strong>虚拟DOM</strong>就此生成，由于是第一次渲染不涉及<strong>diff算法</strong>的比对，因此直接将虚拟DOM的内容patch到<strong>真实DOM</strong>中，由此完成了渲染。</p>
<h2 id="有许多面试题都涉及初始化的过程"><a href="#有许多面试题都涉及初始化的过程" class="headerlink" title="有许多面试题都涉及初始化的过程"></a>有许多面试题都涉及初始化的过程</h2><h3 id="请说说编译原理"><a href="#请说说编译原理" class="headerlink" title="请说说编译原理"></a>请说说编译原理</h3><p>直接回答<strong>解析阶段+编译阶段，</strong>因为严格上来说，编译阶段是包含解析阶段的，因为解析是为了方便编译的，而生成render函数才是重点。</p>
<h3 id="什么是自定义指令？请说说原理"><a href="#什么是自定义指令？请说说原理" class="headerlink" title="什么是自定义指令？请说说原理"></a>什么是自定义指令？请说说原理</h3><p>它本质上是装饰器，是Vue对HTML元素的扩展，给HTML添加自定义功能。</p>
<p>它包含如下几个生命周期钩子：</p>
<ul>
<li>bind：只调用一次，在指令绑定的时候执行，通常在此阶段初始化指令的效果。</li>
<li>inserted：被绑定元素插入其父元素时执行，通常在此阶段添加指令想要的事件。</li>
<li>update：被绑定元素所在的模板更新时调用，且无论绑定值是否变化都会调用。什么是绑定值？即当前自定义指令执行的条件。</li>
<li>componentUpdated：被绑定元素所在的模板完成一次更新周期时调用。</li>
<li>unbind：只调用一次，解绑时调用。什么时候会解绑？组件销毁、v-if条件不满足等。</li>
</ul>
<p>原理：</p>
<ol>
<li><p>解析指令</p>
<p>在解析阶段解析指令，并把所有解析的指令保存在directives数组中，这个数组包含指令的各个信息。</p>
</li>
<li><p>生成指令代码</p>
<p>在编译阶段，根据directives数组中的信息并调用genDirectives函数来生成指令代码，这个指令代码其实就是render函数的一部分。</p>
</li>
<li><p>注册生命周期钩子</p>
<p>在编译阶段，将上面介绍的所有钩子注册到一个叫cbs（callbacks）对象中，方便管理</p>
</li>
<li><p>执行生命周期钩子</p>
<p>在渲染模板阶段，模板开始渲染，指令代码被转换成模板上指令对应的内容，同时也开始执行cbs中的生命周期钩子。</p>
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